Due diligence is used to investigate and evaluate a business opportunity. The term due diligence describes a general duty to exercise care in any transaction. It spans investigation into all relevant aspects of the past, present, and predictable future of the business of a prospective company. Due diligence sounds impressive but ultimately it translates into basic common sense success factors such as "thinking things through" and "doing your homework". Use this due diligence auditing framework for evaluating all aspects of a business.
Charter documents, operating agreements, by-laws, business licenses, certificates of authority and stock certificate
Board actions and minutes
Information and documentation on acquisition and/or disposals of subsidiaries, affiliates or major assets of the Company (last 5 years)
Corporate Matters - Facilities
List of all manufacturing facilities, representation offices, sales offices, establishments, storage facilities, warehouses and other Company facilities
Details on any facility openings or closing? (last 5 years)
Details on any facility turnarounds (last 5 years)
Finance - General
Audits (last 5 years and YTD)
Consolidated financials (last 5 years and YTD)
Consolidated quarterly financials (last 5 years and YTD)
Accounting reconciliation of all accounts for the most recent balance sheet available
Trial balances (last 5 years and YTD)
Description of any off-balance sheet commitments
Description of any contingent liabilities
Price and volume data by division and product annually
Annual P&L by location (last 5 years and YTD)
Details on raw materials and currency risk management (e.g. hedging)
Historical & projected cost & volume of key material inputs
Details on cash balances including cash in different jurisdictions and accounts
FX details (sales & costs by currency)
List of Transformation Plan initiatives and savings completed and remaining
Details on any restructuring efforts including costs, timing, rationale and P&L impact (historical and projected)
5 year projection model including assumptions and granular back-up
Acquisition pipeline for the Company including strategic rationale, expected purchase price, anticipated P&L, synergies, status, timing
Details on new product initiatives strategy, cost and P&L impact (historical and projected)
Detailed capex schedule including breakout between maintenance, growth and new products and acquisition (5 years historical and projected)
Annual profitability by customer (last 5 years and YTD)
Annual breakdown of sales, volume, and gross margin by product, by region and by customer
Details on end-market exposure (historical and projected)
Adjusted EBITDA and sales bridges (last 3 years)
Detailed working capital schedule
Finance - Facilities
Utilization rates at the manufacturing facilities
Finance - Accounts Receivable
Historical accounts receivable schedule
Top 20 past dues
Details on any recognized bad debt expense
Finance - Inventories
Summary of the composition of inventory for last 5 years
List of products as at the most recent balance sheet date
Detailed inventory valuation report at End of Last calendar year
List of inventory including the result of the last stock physical count, reconciled with the accounting balance at the date of physical count
Details of any inventories maintained off-site
Finance - Banks and financing
List of all banks with which the Company maintains financial and commercial relations
Detailed debt schedule
Promissory notes
Loan agreements
Equipment/other lease agreements
Finance - Fixed Assets
Summary schedule showing the composition of the Company's fixed assets (most recent data)
Schedule showing owned and leased assets
Detailed fixed asset and depreciation schedule as at End of Previous Financial Year and YTD
Summary of depreciation policies and the economic useful lives of fixed assets, by category
Finance - Customers
List of top 25 customers in total, by region and by end product to the extent available
Details on customers including length of relationships, concentrations
Finance - Suppliers
Details on raw materials sourcing
List of suppliers with open balances at the most recent balance sheet date
List of overdue payable amounts as at the most recent balance sheet date
List of top suppliers in total, by region and by end product to the extent available
Finance - Management Reports
For the last 5 years, year-to-date management reports comparing the Company's actual result (in accordance with the management books) with the year's budgeted result
Budgets and operating plans for future periods (particularly detailed plans for year end previous financial year)
Finance - Policies and Internal Controls Matters
Summary of cash management policy, procedures, systems and controls
Details on revenue recognition policies, rebate and sales allowance policies and granting procedures
Details of credit granting, billing, and collection policies and procedures
Description of information systems
Finance - Related Party Transactions
Identify and provide details of all related party balances and repayment terms
Details of inter-company transfer pricing policy
Finance - Competitors
List of significant competitors by end-market and region
Pricing trends/behaviour by key competitors
Market share by competitor
Tracking of new business opportunities
Finance - Sales and marketing
Information on the company's sales strategy and compensation structure associate with each channel
Information on the business development process (i.e., how opportunities are identified, how are bids determined, etc.)
List of major wins and losses over the past 12 months
Description of major marketing expenditures
List of customer complaints and resolutions
Incentive compensation plan(s) for sales team
Contracts
Material supply and sourcing contracts
Material customer contracts
List of any guarantees
Any other material contracts
Labor Relations - General
Employee agreements for executive management
Employee handbooks
Payrolls, together with general summary (last 5 years and YTD)
Employee headcount by location and function (last 5 years and YTD)
Summary of any collective bargaining agreement/union agreement (last 5 years and YTD)
Summary of any strike/work stoppages/grievances
Consulting agreements
List of all executives that provide services to the Company, informing the corresponding remuneration. (most recent)
Detail surrounding temporary workers that provide services to the Company (e.g. starting and finishing date of providing the services, salary and working area)
List of self-employed people providing services to the Company, containing name, initial date of provision of services, remuneration and description of the services provided (last 5 years and YTD)
List of outsourced companies providing services to the Company, containing name, initial date of provision of services, amount, description of the services provided (last 5 years and YTD)
List of all employees that work via fixed term contracts (most recent)
Workers compensation claims
Labor Relations - Benefits
List of the benefits, both formal and informal, given to employees, directors and officers. (most recent)
Equity-based compensation plans
All compensation agreements covering senior management
Severance benefit plans and other change of control agreements
Pension/OPEB detail including most recent actuarial reports
Profit sharing plan
Taxes
All applicable tax returns filed for the last five years (federal, state, local, property and foreign)
Details on any deferred tax assets and liabilities
Details on any non-deductible expenses
Reconciliation from marginal to effective tax rate
Environmental Matters
Copies of environmental audits and compliance reports
Phase 1 reports for all facilities
Environmental liabilities and valuation
Regulatory Matters
All permits and licenses
All compliance reports
Any deficiency notices
Litigation
Summary of all material litigation for the last 5 years
Any settlement agreements from the last 5 years
Documentation of any significant litigation in process or anticipated